Primer

13 January 2026

Iran–Venezuela Axis Primer (January 2026)

CSA’s primer on the strategic relationship between Iran and Venezuela and its oil, sanctions, and Hezbollah implications.

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PDF · Published January 13, 2026

Iran–Venezuela Axis Primer

A sourced primer on the Iran–Venezuela strategic relationship — energy flows, financial pipelines, and counter-U.S. coordination.

American Energy Security Is a Bipartisan Issue.

The Council for a Secure America (CSA) is a nonpartisan, nonprofit 501(C)(3) educational organization. CSA strengthens U.S. national security by educating on the inextricable link between U.S. energy security, national security, and diplomacy, through original research, public-opinion polling, rapid-response primers, and off-the-record briefings for policymakers, industry leaders, and civic institutions.

CSA’s work is informed by a Peace Through Prosperity framework that emphasizes the strategic importance of energy, minerals, agriculture, and resilient supply chains. The organization is not an advocacy institution and does not promote political outcomes or policy prescriptions.

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