BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 22(1):72 Deger AN, Ozyigit F, Kocak FE, Bayhan Z, Zeren S, Arik O, Deger H (2021) Corrective effect of Verbascoside on histomorphological differences and oxidative stress in colon mucosa of rats in which colon ischemia-reperfusion injury was induced
In addition to energy production, mitochondria perform other cellular functions: Transport and storage of calcium ions used for cellular processes like muscle contraction and signal transduction Release of certain proteins to initiate programmed cell death Regulation of cell differentiation and growth Synthesis of heme, a molecule needed for hemoglobin production hemoglobin carries the oxygen transported by red blood cells Glutathione supports mitochondrial health by neutralizing harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are byproducts of energy metabolism
Each of the functional IDH3 enzymes is a heterotetramer composed of three different subunits identified as the , , and subunits
Cysteine availability, in particular, can be a limiting factor for glutathione production
Annesley and Fisher, 2019)