IGF-1 is released mainly from the liver and improves insulin sensitivity by suppression of insulin secretion, in turn leading to augmented lipolysis in adipose tissue and promotion of NEFA use in muscle and liver
GH ,
Liver-specific benefits of cotadutide have also been reported in T2D patients showing significantly reduced liver fat content by MRI-PDFF (magnetic resonance imaging-proton density fat fraction) as well as significant reductions in circulating collagen fragment, Pro-C3, as a biomarker for liver fibrosis activity and in the FIB4 index, a risk-factor score for fibrosis 11,12,56,57,58,59
Following administration, the peptide stimulates growth hormone pulses that subsequently increase IGF-1 levels
Compounded medications may also provide additional benefits, such as adding vitamin B-12 or vitamin B-6 while compounding semaglutide for patients susceptible to B-12 or B-6 deficiency